Exploitation and abuse of migrant children

May 27th, 2006

Numbers of Zimbabwean children illegally entering Mozambique are  increasing every year. Children want to escape poverty at home. Many are AIDS orphans or unaccompanied, hoping to find a better life in better-off neighbouring Mozambique. Instead they can fall prey to exploitation and abuse, including prostitution and child labour.
A lot  of Zimbabwean children are crossing the Mozambican border each day.   Large numbers of these children are alone and extremely vulnerable.
Zimbabwe is in its eighth year of economic decline, which has cut GDP by 40 percent. But child migration was not a problem peculiar to Zimbabwe, but a growing issue in the southern African region.
Mozambican children are entering South Africa illegally, Angolans are entering Namibia, and so on. Children say that they are not fully aware of what is going to face them in the countries. They often think they can earn money quickly.  The reality is that they often become trapped in a cycle of abuse and dependency.
The  study of Zimbabwean children found that many young girls - some aged as young as 12 - ended up in the sex trade along the transport corridor linking Zimbabwe to the Mozambican port of Beira in Sofala province. Sofala has the highest HIV infection rate in Mozambique, at around 26 percent of the adult population.
Young Zimbabwean sex workers living illegally in settlements along the Zambezi River in central Mozambique are popular with men because they are exploitable.
Many Mozambican men tend to be sexually involved with Zimbabweans because they are cheaper,” the report quoted a government official in the central Mozambican town of Machipanda as saying. “With 30 to 40 thousand Meticais [just over one US dollar], it is possible to have one afternoon or a night of pleasure.”
Zimbabwean girls are also employed in barracas - informal, often rowdy bars - and in restaurants. The owners see English-speaking staff as a status symbol.
Children often find employment illegally on farms. The provincial government in the central province of Manica confirmed that child labour occurred, with boys paid up to 900,000 Meticais (about 33 US dollars) a month for long, arduous work herding livestock or as farm hands.
 SCF is looking to develop a range of school magazines and radio programmes targeting children, clearly spelling out what it means to travel to another country “without papers, family or friends to support them, and for them to know that the kind of problems they will face will be massive and grave”.
SCF is also calling for police and border officials to be provided with additional training on children’s rights and abuse laws.
That is horrible!!!!! I even don’t know what to say! A night of pleasure for  one US dollar!!!!!!!!!!! Poor children…………. Yeah, it is a good idea to develop a range of school magazines and radio programmes clearly spelling out what it means to travel to another country alone and explaining to children what kind of problems they will face there. But I don’t think this measure can help a lot. Children want to escape poverty at home!!!  They are going to another country because it is extremely difficult to live in their own country. I don’t think they want to work so hard for 33 US dollars because they like it. They just want to live better!!!!! Probably some reach European countries and USA can help to rise their economy. I don’t think it is too difficult for them. I understand that they can’t help all poor countries, but in such situation……..

Pregnancy and birth superstitions in Europe

May 25th, 2006

There are many rules about what you should and shouldn’t do to ensure a healthy pregnancy throughout Europe. One such tradition maintains that wearing a brooch, generally made of boar’s tooth, will protect you from evil and secure prosperity or honor for the baby. These amulets were sold in fine jewelry stores across Europe.
Many traditions are based on the belief that otherworldly beings are determined to steal human babies before birth. In order to avoid the attention of these beings, some conceal their pregnancies altogether, even to the point of not preparing for a baby’s birth (Scotland’s Orkney Islands).
In addition to fearing otherworldly beings, pregnant women are also taught to avoid the dead. For example, you should not stay in a house with a corpse or attend a wake, as this could cause premature labor. (Ireland) And you should also avoid graveyards, or, at least, gravestones, because if the shadow from a gravestone cross is cast on you, it could cause you to miscarry (European Gypsy Folklore).
Associating with corpses and graveyards can also affect your child’s future health. Even if you avoid the shadows of gravestone crosses, the simple act of entering a graveyard may cause your child to starve or have weak spells (Ireland). And if you step on a grave, your child could die (Germany).
Unfortunately, graveyards aren’t the only things you need to avoid. If, in your travels, you meet a hare in the road, your child will be born with a harelip (Ireland). Or if, heaven forbid, you cross the path of someone who is to be executed, your child will share the same fate (Germany). My God, probably it is a good idea to stay at home during pregnancy?
If you choose to avoid everything and remain in your corpse-free house, you can, at least, indulge in pregnancy cravings! And if anyone (e.g., your husband) complains about having to go out at 3am to buy pickles and ice cream, you can simply point out that you are ensuring your child does not have a birthmark in the shape of a pickle cone (Greece). But if bread is what you’re craving, be sure to warn anyone preparing it that they cannot pierce it with a knife or fork, or your child’s eyes will be poked out. And you mustn’t indulge every craving – if you eat fish or snails, your child will be slow in learning to speak or walk, respectively. Perhaps food isn’t going to be much of a comfort after all. I’m happy I don’t like bread!
Since you can’t go out and you can’t eat everything in sight, perhaps it’s time to start preparing for the delivery of your new arrival. To ensure a safe birth, you could blow on the bellows at the local forge (Italian). That is, of course, if you’re lucky enough to have a forge around. But, wait a moment, you weren’t supposed to leave the house. So instead, you could simply take a bath … just remember to turn the tub over afterward (Germany).
But just because you’ve secured an easy delivery, doesn’t mean you can let your guard down. You still need to be wary of otherworldly beings. If they weren’t able to snatch your unborn child early in the pregnancy, they’re certain to make a second attempt. To protect yourself, simply place a knife or a bible in your bed, and when your baby is born, transfer the items to the baby’s bed for its protection (Scotland’s Orkney Islands). Knife to baby’s bed?????? It is dangerous…..
But what if you don’t have a local forge? Or are afraid to venture outside? Or if you forgot to turn your tub over or aren’t able to, as it is attached to the wall? And now your labor is upon you. Well, if you and your husband are honest in naming all of your past lovers, giving birth can still be easy. If, after confessing, your labor is still difficult, perhaps you should take a closer look at your husband, or suffer the consequences of your own dishonesty (Russia). Duh… that is really funny and interesting!!!!!!! I’m gonna ask my husband right know!!!
In addition to rehashing the past, the father of your child can be helpful in other ways. He could tie your garters in order to ease the birth (Germany). If you don’t own garters, he could let you wear his slippers for the same effect. Or, he could do the most helpful thing of all and leave you to the women of your family (Ireland).
Congratulations! You’ve given birth to a beautiful baby. Now it’s time to relax and enjoy! Or is it? Unfortunately, just when you thought you could forget about them, they rear their ugly heads again – those pesky otherworldly beings. And now, not only do you have to worry about having your baby exchanged for a changeling (Germany), but the mother must also be protected, as otherworldly beings need nursing mothers to feed all the babies they’ve abducted (Ireland).
And while you’re busy protecting your little one from others, don’t forget that your actions can have detrimental consequences for him/her as well. If you don’t want your child to be clumsy, be sure to lay him/her on the left side; if you don’t want your child to have bad teeth, avoid putting pins into curtains within six months of giving birth (Germany). If you don’t want your child to grow a beard (girls) or be beardless (boys), have the child christened (Scotland’s Orkney Islands). You will also be restricted in what fashion trends you can follow. Wearing a rope for a belt could get your child hanged, and walking around without shoes could cause your child to have difficulty learning to walk (Germany). And be sure the first movement your child takes is in the upward direction, as a downward direction will lead to a lowly life without fortune or fame (Gaelic). Maybe it’s a good idea just stay in bed ????…

Childbirth Traditions in Latvia

May 24th, 2006

Pregnancy was always considered the most important period in the life of women of all nations. That was usually a period when women were to observe special rules, and these rules were as a rule similar with different people.
People from Latvia - a country on the Baltic coast next to Lithuania and the Russian Federation - hope that the Goddess of Fate smiles kindly on their newborn baby. Latvians believe the Goddess of Fate, or Lamia, determines a child’s future the second he’s born.
They may also pray to Mara, or Mary, for help in childbirth. It’s believed that Mara rules the human body and can make a woman’s labor easy or difficult. Young wives will often try to get in Mara’s good graces with gifts even before they become pregnant. In ancient Latvia, babies were usually delivered in a small building called a pirt. Pirts are similar to Finnish saunas and are designed to be used as steam baths. Mothers, infants and midwives return to the pirt three days after a baby is born for a ceremonial bathing of the mother and the new baby called Pirtizas. Women who helped with the birth may also attend and take part in the ceremonial feast which follows. When leaving the pirt, a new mother will often leave a gift for Mara

Nine days after the baby is born, his or her godparents host a name-giving ceremony, or Krustaba, at the parents’ home which lasts two days. In Latvia, a baby girl has two godmothers and one godfather. A boy has two godfathers and one godmother. Parents usually appoint relatives as godparents. Latvians believe children inherit their godparents’ good qualities, so they select someone they’d like their children to emulate. In addition to participating in the name-giving ceremony, godparents are expected to raise the child in the event that the parents cannot.
The name-giving ceremony begins in the morning. Guests arrive bringing gifts for the baby and food for the feast. Talk is happy that day; it’s believed that there should be no unpleasant conversation at the ceremony. And women wear their best and most expensive jewelry. The actual name-giving ceremony is performed at Mara’s church — a sacred grove of oak or birch trees. At the church, guests receive a quick meal of bread, milk, cheese and honey. Guests eat the meal while standing. They then form a circle around the child to insure good habits and sound physical development of the child

The child is placed in water and the clergy performing the ceremony asks the godparents if they will accept the child and lift her into Mara’s sun or leave her in the water of the Vala Mate (Mother of Spirits). The godmother lifts the infant out of the water and holds the her in front of the symbol of the cross while all the godparents promise to care for the child. At that point the selected name is bestowed upon the baby. In Latvia, the godparents select their godchild’s name

When the newly named child returns home, everyone welcomes the child as a full-fledged family member, and the child’s name is announced. Songs of praise and good wishes are sung at a feast, and the godparents perform a ceremonial dance with the baby. Guests join in and soon everyone is singing good wishes for the child while executing a light dance step and passing the child from guest to guest

On the second day of the name-giving ceremony, the godparents attend the preparation of the cradle. The godfather first leads a party of guests to a nearby woods and selects a suitable pole for the cradle while other guests prepare a light basket to hold the infant. The godfather fastens the pole between the ceiling and the wall and affixes the cradle to the other end. The godmother places the baby into the cradle along with a gift. The other godparents and guests also place a gift in the cradle. The name-giving ceremony concludes with guests giving thanks for the new family member. And, they give the baby their best wishes that life will smile kindly upon him.

Such a beautiful and interesting ceremony! I also want to have 2 godmothers! So they can care about me!!!!!!! I just don’t like that godparents select their godchild’s name! I think that biological parent’s should choose it. This is their decision.

Some pregnancy and delivery traditions in different countries.

May 23rd, 2006

Today, people speak a lot about the importance of applying bringing-up methods even before babies are born. Some of us believe the tendency has outlined just recently, however this tradition was popular even in the past centuries.
By Candidate of historical sciences, lecturer in History of Medicine Larissa Kondrashkina
in Ancient India and Ancient China, parents began to inure their babies to understand the arts three months after the conception. For this purpose, pregnant women had only fine things around them and listened just to fine music; they ate tasty meals sanctified in the church. These measures were believed to make unborn babies beautiful and talented. I also believe in that and trying to look at beautiful things and get positive emotions.
Nowadays, doctors say that contemporary pregnant women must have the same environment for better pregnancy and good future of their babies. In the old times, husbands in some provinces presented their wives with jewelry when they learnt about pregnancy. Pregnant women wore clothes made of delicate and expensive fabrics; the blue color was considered the most favorable for the development of unborn babies. Fine music was obligatory for pregnant women, as it is actually good for babies and mothers. That is why, artists in Asian countries regularly organized concerts for pregnant women thousands of years ago. Why I was born in 20th century? I also want some jewelry!
At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a special institute assisting women in childbirth in St.Petersburg, Russia, founded with the assistance of famous accoucheur Dmitry Ott. The doctor insisted that the hospital must have a concert hall with an organ. Every week, all female patients of the hospital were invited to concerts at the hall. It is pity they don’t have such tradition now.
In Ancient India and Ancient China, pregnant women always sang, drew birds and plants during pregnancy. These traditions may seem naive, but they do have an effect upon unborn babies. It is known that Napoleon’s mother drew toy tin soldiers and imagined they were battling. So, the future emperor probably knew the essence of battles even before he was born. In the cultures of many countries, arts were obligatory for pregnant women.
In Ancient China, pregnant women sang nice and quiet songs, at that the melody and the text were of little importance, as singing first of all helps bring much oxygen to the organism of a pregnant woman. Indeed, during singing we first take a deep breath, and then goes slow exhalation. So, singing is in fact a really esthetic physical exercise.
Contrary to many of the modern recommendations, many nations disapproved of walking during pregnancy. When it was evident that women were expecting babies, they never walked too away from the home. Moslem women were prohibited to go outside before the sunset during pregnancy. On the one hand, it is a good method to avoid heavy UV-radiation. On the other hand, Moslems believed that a baby would be born with too many birthmarks if a mother was exposed to sunrays for too long. I don’t like this one! What about fresh air? I think it is very important for pregnant woman to go for a walk. Besides it is really good for you legs if you have varicose veins and for you blood if you have anemia.
Contemporary couples often want to deliver their babies together. Many centuries ago, men in European countries often stayed in the maternity ward during baby delivery. They encouraged their wives and helped them endure pains and suffering. In addition to the moral support, husbands also served an actual physical support for women during labour pains. Men’s presence in the maternity ward was typical of men in Italy, Spain, France, Yugoslavia and Scandinavian countries. But in some countries, husbands were prohibited to enter maternity wards, as only women were allowed to see how babies come to the world.
It is arguable point. On the one hand it is good when husband is there. He can calm you down and support you. But on the other hand, the statistics shows, that number of divorces among pairs which gave birth together is higher than among pairs where the husband did not participate. A lot of men who took part in childbirth need sexological help after that.
Women who assisted in delivery, often stayed in the home for some time after the delivery to look after the house. Mothers were not allowed to do anything about the house for several days after delivery. Women in Arab countries had the longest after-delivery rest that lasted for 40 days when they were prohibited to do things about the house. Instead, they were focused on their health and on babies. A tradition similar to this was also popular in Europe and Russia. That is really good and right tradition. Especially for women who had Caesarean section.
In Russia, an accouche became the key figure in the house after a baby came to the world. This woman stayed in a house for several weeks and looked after the baby; she got back home only when the mother was strong enough again to look after her baby herself. This seems to be a wise tradition indeed. Women need some time to restore their health and energy after the childbirth. Doctors say it is important when a woman has someone to help her about the house and look after the baby when she is still weak after the difficult work of baby delivery. In Russia, the post-delivery period traditionally depended upon the well-being of a family. Those who had little money had no opportunity for long rest as they needed to work.
Baby delivery was not always a success in Russian villages, as there often were poor hygienic conditions. As a result, mothers could get infected and some even died in baby delivery. Women not only in villages but even in large cities died of childbirth fever because doctors were not always tidy when operating in the maternity ward. Doctor Zemmelweis from Hungary was the first who offered to wash hands before baby delivery, but his colleagues declared him insane because of this initiative. It was just several years later that the teaching of aseptic and anti-septic appeared. My God! I’m happy it was long time ago. It is not funny to die because of dirty hands.
So there are a lot of different traditions in different countries. Some of them are really beautiful. Some of them are not clear. I like this topic very much and I’ll try to find some more information about it!!!!!!!!

Dominican Republic advices!

May 21st, 2006

There are some funny tips about pregnancy from Dominican Republic web-site!!!
• When a baby is just born you say “God Bless You” to prevent the child from getting the evil eye
• If you let a child see his or her reflection before they’re two years old they won’t talk.
• Put a small bracelet of beads on the child’s ankle or wrist to ward off evil and to bring prosperity.
• You must never say no if a pregnant woman asks you for something that you are eating, if you do you’ll get a sty. To be on the safe side ALWAYS ask pregnant women if they would like something of what you’re eating.
• Be aware of witches who try and eat babies ( from the legend)! That is really important!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• When very young children are given a nickname. No one will use their real name so as to deter attacks from evil spirits. This custom is very common it is said that a witch needs to know your real name in order to curse you. So in this way with the fake name it conceals their true identities from anyone trying to curse them.
• If you drop a spoon and the bowl of the spoon is up (it looks like a pregnant women) a new family member will be arriving soon.
• Some parents in Dominican Republic hang a baseball glove on the crib of a newborn baby boy as a good luck charm because they wish him to become a great baseball player.
• When a child bends over and looks at you from between their legs, it is said that they want another little brother or sister.
• A pregnant woman should not walk underneath a guanabana tree as she may lose her child.
• If a baby is getting sick or congested take a hair off a menstruating woman’s head and tie it around the babies wrist for 24 hours and the child will not get sick.
• When a baby has hiccups, put a hair from the mother’s head on the baby’s head until the hiccups go away.
Yeah, very important advices!!!!! I ‘m going to follow all of them!!!!

Birth traditions in Eastern Europe.

May 21st, 2006

There are two important traditions in Eastern European culture.
The ceremony of the “first bath” is the first one. Only women can assist in the bathing of the newborn child, and the oldest woman related to the father of the baby is in charge of the event. Fresh, clean water enriched with flowers, money, honey and milk are thought to purify and join the newborn to the family. The elder woman gives the cleansed baby to the mother with wishes for the child’s moral, spiritual and physical integrity. She wishes for the child to marry, to be good-looking and healthy, to be respectful of his or her parents and to be a patient person. She wishes that the child thrives, grows to maturity, becomes hardworking and experiences good luck in life.
The second important moment related to birth is the Christening of the child, a ceremony in which the child is named. In the Eastern Orthodox church, the spiritual, or “God-parents” of the child have an important ceremonial function. Usually, the child will be named after the God-father, or after a close family member. Later, the God-parents will play an important role in the wedding ceremony of the child.
I like these traditions and think that they are very beautiful!

Short stress during pregnancy doesn’t harm your child!

May 20th, 2006

When my husband, my parents and especially my doctor found out that I am pregnant began to tell me that I have to be calm, I shouldn’t think about bad things and I shouldn’t have be stressed in any case. Because stress during pregnancy affects child. But how is this possible? Pregnancy is not a short period in our life. And during this time I have some problems at my work or my University I should solve. And sometimes nobody can help me and I should deal with all the troubles on my own. So I decided to look for some information about this and found a new study I agree with.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and the National Institute of Child Health Development (NICHD) asked 137 healthy, pregnant women with low-risk, normal pregnancies to report on their levels of anxiety and stress between the 24th and 32nd weeks of their pregnancy, as well as six weeks and two years after the birth. The researchers also assessed the women’s feelings about the pregnancy. Two years later, the researchers evaluated the mental and motor development of the children born to those women, as well as the toddlers’ ability to control their behavior and regulate their emotions.
The researchers found that the mothers’ emotions during pregnancy were indeed associated with child development – but not in the expected direction. Women who reported more stress and anxiety during pregnancy had children who were somewhat more advanced in their mental and motor development at age 2. This remained true even after taking into account the women’s stress and anxiety levels after birth, which can influence child rearing in other ways.
In addition, there were no effects of prenatal stress or anxiety on the children’s ability to handle their own emotions or control their behavior with one exception: children of women who reported more negative feelings about being pregnant had somewhat poorer behavioral and emotional regulation. It’s not known, however, if this is a specific biological effect or whether women who were highly negative about being pregnant treated their children differently after birth.
A developmental psychologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health say that «While these findings may seem counterintuitive, chemicals that are produced by stress have a well-known influence on organ growth and development. Mild to moderate stress has been proposed to be important to successful adaptation to the environment after birth and necessary for optimal brain development.» She notes, however, that study participants were well-nourished, financially stable women who were not receiving psychiatric care. “These women experienced the typical types of stresses and anxieties that accompany juggling the many roles and responsibilities of modern life,” she said. “It is possible that the results might be different if the study had included women undergoing more chronic, physical, or severe turmoil.”
So we can “stop worrying about worrying”. I think it is great!!! And I am sure, that my child is not gonna be unadapted to this life, because she is already solving some problems with her mum!!!

One more time about traditions and superstitions

May 19th, 2006

I think that Asian cultures are very specific and incomprehensible for European and American people. For example, Chinese culture is very old and it has some very interesting customs.
Some of them are about pregnancy.
In Chinese culture, they function to protect the pregnant woman and child from ‘malign influences’ and to avert problems with pregnancy and birthing such as miscarriage, stillbirth, death of the mother and imperfections in the newborn.
Many customs relate to the behavior and environment of the pregnant Chinese woman. Working with glue or other adhesives may cause birthing complications and hammering nails is thought to cause deformity in the fetus. Restraint in day to day life is also required of the mother: the use of foul language must be avoided as this may cause the baby to be cursed. So may torturing, striking or killing an animal: anthropomorphic results may occur- e.g. if a rat is struck the newborn child will look like a rat and behave like one! (Actually I don’t understand it!)
Consequently, traditional Chinese society blames the mother of a child that is physically disabled or ‘deformed’ for the ‘imperfections’ of the child, as it is believed that this has resulted from the mother’s actions during pregnancy. In former times, infanticide often occurred in such circumstances, to spare the mother shame, public humiliation and ostracism by in-laws. Well I don’t think it’s right. Probably sometimes it is a mother’s fault if she smoked or drinked a lot during the pregnancy. But what about different genetic deviations and other reasons?
A pregnant woman is expected and encouraged to continue working, as it is believed that this will ease labour and delivery. Arguments and disputes are to be avoided as the baby may be disturbed by them. Nutritious foods and herbal soups should be eaten, and ‘sharp’ foods such as pineapple and some other fruits avoided as they may cause miscarriage. Eating squid and crab are discouraged: the former is believed to cause the uterus to ‘stick’ during delivery, the latter to result in a mischievous child. Overeating may cause an overlarge baby and thus a difficult labour and delivery. A pregnant woman should not walk around barefoot.
Rubbing the abdomen too often is thought to result in a spoilt and overdemanding child. No! I hope not! I’m doing it really often. I just want my baby know I love her so much!!!
Old traditions believe that the sex of a baby can be determined by the shape of the pregnant woman’s abdomen, especially after the first three months. If the appearance of the belly is pointed, then the child will be male, if rounded, female. Actually people from many countries think the same way. For example Russians.
It is considered insauspicous to give a name to an unborn baby, as this displays and eagerness on the part of the parents for a child of a particular sex, and may cause disappointment if the child is of the different sex. Probably it’s true. You never know exactly who is in there!
The major responsibility for care of the pregnant woman is taken by her mother-in-law, not her husband. I don’t understand why? Probably because long time ago woman usually lived in husband’s family after the marriage. But what about him?
The production of a male heir is of paramount importance in Chinese culture; indeed some Chinese may seek the help of a holy man or shaman if male offspring do not appear. Superstition has it that a couple should eat certain types of food for the seven days leading up to conception to conceive a certain sex baby: tofu, mushrooms, carrots and lettuce for a male child, pickles, meat and fish for a female.
Male descendents are essential to ensure the continuance of ancestor worship and the continuity of family lineage and name. Females cannot inherit, and in the Chinese family system wife lives with the husband’s family and is deemed as no longer part of her own family, but the property of the husband’s family. Female offspring are thus thought of as being only ‘temporary’ family members, while male offspring ‘belong’ to the family for their lives. Yeah, that’s why they all will have a big problem very soon. Chinese are allowed to have only one child by the government. And everybody wants a boy. So who is going to give a birth to children in twenty – thirty years?

Mother and child – different Rh

May 16th, 2006

I am very happy that the medicine has reached a big progress at present time. Medicine can easily overcome now a lot of unsoluble before problems.
One of my friends got pregnant and recognizes by blood test that she is in a big trouble. She got a Rhesus factor problem.
Usually it happens if a husband has a positive Rhesus factor, and a wife has a negative one. In this case baby will receive in a half of all cases a positive Rhesus factor. This means that if mummy’s blood comes into contact with her baby’s, she’ll develop antibodies to it. Nature has already taken care of that and the blood of mum and a baby is not mixed. That is why there is no danger for your first positive Rhesus factor baby (in a case if you didn’t make an abortion before, didn’t have a miscarriage or termination).
But when woman is giving birth some of baby’s blood may get into her circulation.
If it does happen, the woman will produce antibodies to the Rhesus factor positive blood and they’ll stay in her blood and if she becomes pregnant again, problems can arise.
During the second pregnancy these antibodies will attack Rhesus factor positive baby’s blood, causing it to breaking down the red blood cells of the baby and anemia will develop. In severe cases this hemolytic disease can cause illness, brain damage and even death.
So mummy’s organism behaves like he is not her native child. He is an enemy who needs to be destroyed. It is even terrible to think about it!
However problems at repeated pregnancy can be avoided now. Women who are Rhesus factor negative are usually given an injection of a special substance right after the baby is born (or after a miscarriage or termination). This helps the Rhesus factor negative mother by suppressing her ability to react to the Rhesus factor positive red cells. Reactions to the medication are generally minor, including soreness at the injection sight and sometimes a slight fever.
Sometimes an injection is given to Rhesus factor negative women during pregnancy.
So it is not a problem anymore!!!!! And any Rhesus factor negative woman and Rhesus factor positive man can have as many children as they want!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Pregnancy and superstitions

May 16th, 2006

There are a lot of different signs and superstitions about pregnancy in different countries. A lot of people believe in them, but I think that the majority of them are absolutely senseless. People made up them many years ago. They wanted to have healthy babies, but they didn’t have professional medicine help and modern equipment. Here are the most popular of them.
Pregnant woman shouldn’t cross her legs when sitting. Child will have curved legs.
Actually: Yes, it is better for pregnant women not to cross her legs when sitting. But it has nothing to do with curved babies legs. Blood circulation in legs can cause varicose and spider veins at such position of a body.
It is necessary to satisfy all pregnant woman desires in food. Even if this food is not very healthy.
It is considered, that each unsatisfied pregnant woman desire can complicate giving a birth. And the more there were such desires, the more struggles the woman will have during delivery. Actually: During the pregnancy it is really better to satisfy all your desires in food. But it does not influence the character of delivery. Organism of the pregnant woman knows better what is necessary for her right now. Yeah, some products are categorically forbidden by the doctors and it is probably better to follow their advices. But some gynecologists have come to conclusion long time ago, that if you REALLY want a “forbidden» product you can eat it in small quantities (for example, beer).
Pregnant woman can’t cut her hair.
It is considered, that each time cutting off the hair, future mum shortens her child’s life.
Actually: That is nonsense!!!!! On the contrary, during the pregnancy women usually have a problems with hair. Her hair structure gets worse. Hair become thinner, fragile, grows dull, split and fall out. Therefore, to improve hair and to have a good look, it is better to cut your hair regularly. And it is not gonna influence your child!!!
It is forbidden to buy any clothes and toys for the kid and to bring it into the house before delivery.
It is considered, that it is very bad sign.
Actually: It only a prejudice. What about baby showers?!!! I think it is better to buy everything you need for the baby. So right after returning from a maternity home you won’t have to run shopping. Or you’ll have to send your husband or relatives to buy all this stuff. And there is no sure in that they will buy the right things.

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