Child Development

The first disposable pampers appeared in the USA in 1961. In the early seventies they quickly evolve, as all manufactures learn more about the main requirements of their customers. All sizes of pampers, comfortable clasps appeared in this every year. Absorbent characteristics become more and more better.
Nowadays, every mother does not refuse disposable pampers, because they have a lot of advantages over gauze pampers. Convenience and easiness in using, saving of efforts and time, and the main – dryness, comfort and appreciable benefit for the baby – are the main advantages of disposable pampers.
With the advent of disposable pampers all mothers throughout the world do not need to launder swaddling clothes as they did some years ago. And now they can find more time for their children. Walks in fresh wind became longer and easier, because all mothers do not wait that their baby can piss and they have to go home immediately in order to change his clothes. It is very convenient, because in case of walk, which is too far from the house, mothers have not to return home with crying baby. Also pampers kindly influence both the dream of the baby and his parents. Mothers have not to be up late at night in order to change clothes of crying baby.
 But every good invention will be useless if a person uses it wrongly. So, parents should not constantly pack up the baby in disposable pampers. When they change pampers they must leave their baby naked in order to his skin can breathe. The doctors do not recommend to leave the baby in the same disposable pampers more than six hours, it is necessary to change it every four hour and, of course, more better to change it every time the baby pissed. If the baby does not sleep his parents can take off pampers and let him take air-bath.
Now I would like to draw your attention that, firstly, you should not name all diapers “pampers” as Pampers is a trade mark of child’s disposable diapers of the company the Procter & Gamble. Moony, Goon, Huggies, Pampers, Libero and the other are child’s disposable diapers and it is wrong to name them pampers.
Secondly, in order to choose the right mark of disposable diapers for your baby, you should know some specific features. So, disposable diapers function the next way:  liquid passes through the integumentary layer very quickly, the adsorbent takes up this liquid and keeps it from contact with the skin of the baby. It is really very important to minimize this contact in order to prevent irritation and keep the skin of the baby healthy. Disposable diapers basically consist of paper. Absorbing material is a medley of cellulose and super absorbent, which change in gel during the contact with the liquid. In that way, a diaper absorbs the excess of liquid and keeps the skin dry. But there are such diapers that only consist of cellulose. This type of diapers is worse, because absorb the liquid less than the first ones. And in this case there is a risk of irritation.
Modern diapers have special clasps that help to keep a nappy on the baby. A lot of diapers have flexible cuffs round the lags and flexible belt.
Recently the Japanese have invented so called “breath” nappies “Moony”. Their external layer has microscopical holes that help the entrance of air. Their internal layer consists of gauzy stripes with special aloe balsam, which creates a thin, but reliable protective barrier and helps to avoid irritation. They have good design, beautiful clasps and absorb the liquid extremely well.
Now you know a lot about disposable diapers. And it will be easier for you to choose the right ones.
However, a lot of moms throughout the world try to avoid the using of diapers. The reason is obvious. It is disagreements between the doctors. Ones believe that disposable diapers are very useful, because they protect the skin of the baby and help to save time of their moms. But the others think that they are enough dangerous because can lead to boy’s sterility. But who are right?
First of all I would like to say that the skin of the baby is not as perfect as adults have. In ideal it functions as double-sided barrier: inside it should keep moisture and albumen, but outside protects from mechanical and bacterial influences. It a scientific fact, that our skin keeps about 17 per cent of all moisture. But thin and delicate layer is not reliable, and it can not protect the organism from physical influences completely. The formation of coverlet ends to 2-3 year.
When irritants influence the skin of the baby, inflammatory process appears
in the places of contact between swaddling bands and the skin. The doctors name this inflammation as dermatitis. The first mention of this sickness appeared in 117 B.C. At that time people bathed their children in medley of wine, urine and salt solution in order to get rid of this illness. From this time all doctors throughout the world rack their brains over the fact how to overcome this sore. But in the eighties they understood the main reason of this disaster. This sickness begins because of lingering contact between urine and the skin. As a result the moisture increases and it leads to the rise of friction. So the skin becomes weak and can not protect from harmful substances.
After a lot of discussions about harm of diapers, the institution of baby health made a scientific investigation. This search proved that internal microclimate of diapers was highly favourable for the skin of the baby. This institution fixed fewer cases of dermatitis and reddenings. The average temperature did not change inside the “cocoon” in comparison with tissue diapers. That is why the talks of some urologists about high temperature inside the diapers and as a result boy’s sterility are unjustified. My congratulations!

The statistics is too sad: for example, in Russia every third woman decides to have an abortion. Almost 10 per cent of women of childbearing age have an abortion once a year, at that 60 per cent of women break off their first pregnancy. It is an obvious fact that abortion is the most popular method of contraception. What are the origins of this national phenomenon? In order to answer this question I would like to turn to the history.
In Ancient Greece and Rome law did not defend the life of fetus. The government did not punish the artificial fetus wastage. It was punished only in the case of selfish ends or other low motives. At that time people used the special preparation of ergot – plant, which stimulated spastic clonus and dead of fetus. But this method did not always cause stillborn foetus and it had serious casual consequences. Later, when the Rome Empire needed more slavers and soldiers to conquer the territory of its neighbors, the government punished pronouncedly all women and men, who provoked abortion.
According to Christian dogma, the fetus from the moment of conception has his own soul, that is why his murder in belly is a very serious fault. Therefore, in the Middle Age abortion was considered as the heinous crime and was equal to the murder of relatives. In the sixteenth century under the influence of the church the majority of the European countries, such as England, France and Germany, punished abortion with the death penalty. In succeeding years it has been changed in hard labor and imprisonment. Punishment has involved both a doctor and his patient. The situation was the same until the beginning of the twentieth century. In England the government permitted abortion in the case of medical statements, and also in the case of rape.
All doctors say: “There are no good abortions”. All abortions classify in early (to twelve weeks of pregnancy) and late (from twelve to twenty eighth weeks). But in practice the doctors use abortion in the early period of pregnancy. There is such conception as mini-abortion (from twelve to twenty fifth days).
 There are a lot of methods of pregnancy breaking. Unsurgical methods of pregnancy breaking have much more advantages in comparison with traditional ones, because they practically do not cause the negative consequences. There are not mechanical traumas. There are not complications and difficulties, connected with anaesthesia. But there are of course some disadvantages, such as the presence of contra-indications and decrease of effectiveness. But if it is too late to have abortion, there is only one method. This is so called classic abortion. When women choose a hospital it is necessary that this hospital has a special license and doctor has a special certificate.
Sometimes there are some complications after abortion. For example, excreta containing some blood. Their quantity and the period depend on the term of pregnancy, blood coagulability.  There are two types of complications: early and late. Early ones take place during the abortion or after it. The late abortions appear after a while, sometimes many years after the operation. Generally speaking the complications are not the infrequent phenomenon.
The doctors mention High-risk group:
-women with two and more abortions;
-women who have sickness of privy parts;
-women who have operation of uterus before;
- women who broke off their first pregnancy with surgical method
Early complications:
The most terrible complication of abortion is change of wall of uterus. The most frequent complications are bleeding, damage of cervix of the uterus, damage of coagulability of blood. Besides, after abortion
become more acute chronic deceases of privy parts. So called infected abortion represents a great damage.
Late complications:
Here I can mention sickness of privy parts, hormone-containing damages, and barrenness. After abortion increase the frequency of abdominal pregnancies. After one abortion there is a threat of miscarriage and it consists of 26 per cent.  After two abortions it increases to 32 per cent and after three and more – 41 per cent.
Recommendations of gynecologists:
The choice of women that decided to have an abortion must include only methods without operations. Of course it will be cost more expensive, but we can not play with our health. Mini-abortion is the most appropriate type of chirurgical operations. It characterizes
the least frequency of casual effects. All chirurgical operations should include the antibiotics. As usual the doctors prescribe the antibiotics two days before the operation. It is desired to be observed by the doctor after abortion. In the case of chirurgical operations women can live their sexual life in 7-14 days, in another case (I mean instrumental operations) in a month. But, in general, all women and men should know that the main method of planning the family and decreasing the number of abortions is competent using of modern contraception.